Troubleshooting Python Deploys

If your Python app fails to deploy on Render, see below for common causes and resolutions.

For more general-purpose troubleshooting tips, see Troubleshooting Your Deploy.

Incorrect runtime

While creating a Render service, you select the runtime that corresponds to your language:

If you select an incorrect runtime, your service’s environment lacks Python-specific tools and libraries that you might need (such as Poetry).

Example symptoms

If you encounter any of the following issues, your service might be using an incorrect runtime:

• Setting the PYTHON_VERSION environment variable does not change your service’s Python version.
• Your deploy logs include messages such as:
  • bash: poetry: command not found — Poetry and other Python tools are included only in the Python runtime.

Steps to resolve

1. In the Render Dashboard, open your service’s settings and confirm at the top of the page that the runtime is Python 3 (or Docker if your Python app is built from a Dockerfile):

   

2. If you’re using an incorrect runtime, the fastest fix is usually to create a new service with the correct runtime.

   • You can also change an existing service’s runtime via Render Blueprints or the API. See details.

Incompatible Python version

You can set a Python version for your service via the PYTHON_VERSION environment variable:

If you don’t do this, Render uses its default version.

It’s possible that your app uses a language feature or a dependency that requires a different version of Python from what your service currently uses.

Example symptoms

If you encounter any of the following issues, your service’s Python version might be incompatible with your app:

• Your deploy logs include messages such as:
  • Current Python version (3.11.9) is not allowed by the project (^3.12).
  • SyntaxError: invalid syntax. — This often means your code uses syntax that was introduced in a newer version of Python than what your service uses.

Steps to resolve

1. Verify which version(s) of Python your app is compatible with:

   • If your project uses a pyproject.toml file, the python key specifies Python version compatibility.
   • If your app works on your local machine, check which Python version you’re running locally. (If you’re using a virtual environment, make sure to check the Python version for that environment.)

2. In the Render Dashboard, go to your service’s Environment page and set a compatible Python version via the PYTHON_VERSION environment variable:

   

Missing dependencies

If your app uses third-party libraries (such as packages available on PyPI), you need to install those dependencies in your service’s runtime.

Example symptoms

If you encounter any of the following issues, your service might be missing third-party dependencies required by your app:

• Your app crashes deterministically. It might crash on startup, or when you trigger a specific code path.
• Your deploy logs include messages such as:
  • ModuleNotFoundError
  • ImportError

Steps to resolve

1. Specify your app’s Python dependencies in a dependency file. Add this file to your codebase and commit it via version control.

   Exactly how you do this differs based on which package management tool you’re using. For example:

   • If you’re using pip, commit a requirements.txt file. You can use pip freeze to generate this file.
   • If you’re using Poetry, commit both your project’s pyproject.toml file and the autogenerated poetry.lock file.

2. In the Render Dashboard, go to your service’s Settings page and ensure that you’ve configured the Build Command to install your Python dependencies.

   The command you use depends on your package management tool:

   • If you’re using pip, use pip install -r requirements.txt.
   • If you’re using Poetry, use poetry install.

   Your build command can run the corresponding command directly (possibly in conjunction with other commands relevant to your build step), or it can execute a script in your repo that includes the command. Learn more about the build command.